BIOMASS In PERU

 The experience that occurs has been developing on our small organic farm of one hectare, Bioagriculture White House, located in the Valley of the River Lurín, Pachacamac district, 35 km south of the city of Lima, Peru.

We grow a wide variety of products such as cassava (manioc), Pope, camote (sweet potato), beans, corn, vegetables, banana, strawberry and various herbs. We also breed cuyes (Guinea Pigs) for meat consumption and recycling of nutrients for the farm.
More than ten years ago, in 1994, we decided to build a biodigestor, Chinese model, in order to take better advantage of the manure produced by the guinea pigs from a farm which at that date had a population of 600 animals. Until that date, the Guinea pig manure was mainly used as organic fertilizer, already out directly or mixed with the stubble or crop residues for the preparation of compost, manure produced under aerobic conditions.

Currently the population of Guinea Pigs fluctuates between 900 and 1,000 units and produces approximately three tons of manure per month (36 tons per year). It is from this animal biomass produced in the farm - which adds plant biomass (crop waste) - which promotes recycling. Through these processes, we can not only produce bioabonos, in liquid or solid form, but also biogas.

The process that is performed using the bio-digester is somewhat a mirror of what happens in nature when the biomass buried for millions of years is decomposed under anaerobic conditions and produces a considerable deposit of natural gas or biogas.

The bio-digester of White House Bioagriculture has a capacity of 10 cubic meters. The central Chamber has three holes that are connected: a central hole that only opens once a year, for the initial loading and unloading; a side port connected to a tube that goes near the bottom of the camera and that serves the regular feed, and finally a third hole attached to a side Chamber where they exit the liquid bioabono or biol.
Load initial or bottom loading which feeds each year the bio-digester is constituted by a precompost that, for White House Bioagriculture, is prepared from Guinea pig manure and Corn Stover.

A ton of this precompost, which is three to four weeks of preparation, and with a temperature between 50-55 ° C, is introduced by the central mouth and mix with 200 litres of rumen or crap coming from the stomach of livestock cattle newly slaughtered; This material is obtained from an abattoir or slaughterhouse in the area, only once a year and, generally, for free because it is considered scrap material. The rumen or basofia contains a high load of anaerobic microorganisms responsible for the process of fermentation and the production of biogas, including methane.

Then add water up to a volume of approximately eight cubic meters, leaving the two cubic meters remaining for the storage of biogas in the upper part of the central Chamber of the bio-digester. Immediately, is to close the center hole with a heavy lid on which even stones are placed to prevent that it is lifted by the pressure of the produced biogas.

Each week feeds the bio-Digester with a mixture of manure cuy and water in proportion of 1: 3, allowing us to have one sufficient volume of gas for the entire week.

After a year of the initial feeding of the bio-digester is downloading, obtaining the solid bioabono or biosol. In the original model, discharge is done through the central hole, which is very uncomfortable and complicated. To facilitate the discharge of the biosol we have made a modification to the original design of the bio-digester, which consists of the construction of a side window, overlooking an adjacent to the bio-digester atmosphere, and is sealed with a lid of galvanized iron, secured with bolts.

The bio-digester of White House Bioagriculture comes running efficiently since it was built 10 years ago and thanks to biogas production we have been able to save significantly the cost of electric power in the House.
Once the biodigestor begins to produce biogas (at the five or six days in summer), this energy can be used as fuel in the kitchen or for lighting directly by gas lamps.

 If there is an electrical generator that runs on gasoline, following modification of the carburetor, you can do function with biogas (methane) to produce electricity.

On the other hand, we get steadily liquid bioabono or biol, which is not only an excellent organic fertilizer for our crops, but its contents of phytohormones, is a valuable enabler of growth and flowering of the plants, especially fruit trees.

The third product of the bio-digester is obtained annually to perform the download, when collected the solid bioabono or biosol, which is an excellent fertilizer for crops.

Given the growing interest by the bio-digesters, each year, when are we going to download the bio-digester and reload it, we offer courses with the motto "learning by doing", through which participants can learn in a very practical way how a bio-digester is built, how works and how it is downloaded and reloaded.

Without a doubt one of the central attractions of the farm is the bio-digester operation observed as part of the work of recycling we do using all waste that the farm produces.

Solar + Biomass Energy

Spain Europe and Latin America have agreed to carry out a project of energy of the biomass, which will participate actively give territorial Center of CIEMAT located in the province of Soria.

Funding is provided by the Ibero-American program of science and technology for development (CYTED), with a budget of 800 000 €. The project's name is "HIBRELEC: prototypes of generation of electricity and heat in nuclei isolated Latin America through hybridization".

HIBRELEC consists of a hybrid plant based on two sources of energy: solid biomass and solar photovoltaics. The aim is to attain - through the generation of electric and thermal energy - a better energy supply in areas of Latin America.
 
The system will combine a module of gasification of biomass, a gas cleaning system and one 30-35 power, kWe moto-generador located in a large container. This will join you a solar generator photovoltaic of 5–10 kWe, whose panels will be placed on the walls and roof of the container.

Wood biomass, source of biofuel and chemical

The project run by the Aalto University is part of the Tekes BioRefineprogram. TEKES is the Finnish Agency for technology and innovation funding. The Biorefine program is developing new competencies based on the strengths of national and the refinement of the biomass-related.


The overall objective of the project is to increase the value of refining of forest residues that can not be used in, for example, the process of the paper pulp. The investigation has been developed by Aadrian van Heiningen and Granström Tom teachers and researchers of Aalto University.

It Butanol is particularly suitable as a fuel for transport because it is not soluble in water and has higher energy content than ethanol. The raw materials most commonly used in the production of butanol have so far been starch and sugar cane.

In contrast to this, the starting point in the study of Aalto University was used only lignocelulosa (also called wood biomass), which does not compete with food production.
Wood biomass It is made up of three main substances: hemicelulosas, cellulose and lignin. Of these three, the cellulose and the hemicellulose can be used as a source of nutrition for microbes in bioprocesses.
During the process that is currently used in the manufacture of cellulose pulp is produced a substance with aspect of black liquor, which can be used as a source of energy. However, this substance is not conducive to microbes.

In the study we present, the pulp manufacturing process altered succeeding - in addition to cellulose- other sugars also remain unharmed. Making so it can be used as raw material to work with microbes.
Wood biomass It is boiled in a mixture of water, alcohol and sulfur dioxide, all parts of the wood - cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin - are separated into clean fractions.

The pulp can be used then to make paper, nanocelulosa or other products. While the hemicellulose is a very efficient raw material for the use of microbes with various applications in the production of chemicals. The big advantage of this new process is that there is no parts of the wood are wasted sugar.

According to the EUrequirements, all fuel must contain 10 percent of biofuels by 2020.
A clear benefit of butanol is that a significantly large percentage - more than 20 percent of butanol - can be added to the fuel to improve it, and without having to make any change in existing combustion engines.

Emissions of nitrogen and carbon from a mixture of fuel with more than 20 per cent butanol are significantly less than fossil fuels.

Biomass energy for Jaen based on waste of olivares

One of the major challenges posed by the field of biomass energy is the use of natural materials that were once only waste that often ended up in landfills. From the University of Jaén have made significant progress in the energetic use of waste of the pruning of the olive grove, something that promises to be an interesting application potential for communities in the region.

The project of the University of Jaén - which has been backing with the economic support of the Ministry of economy, innovation and science- seeks to develop the gasification as a technique in the energy transformation of the olive industry waste .

From biomass (composed by pruning of olive, olive and orujillo bone chips) is set in motion a chemical process that generates a synthesis gas (also known as 'gas'). This gas is composed of different elements such as hydrogen, monoxide carbon, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen, and is viable for use both in combustion engines internal microturbines for the generation of electric energy.

Biomasud, development of biomass energy

Yesterday we present in Erenovable project HIBRELEC, carried out the CIEMAT. Now you want to comment on other associated project: BIOMASUD. The full title of this undertaking is "BIOMASUD: mechanisms of recovery and sustainability of solid biomass in the SUDOE space market".
The purpose of this undertaking is the final launch of biomass as a sustainable energy model.


Funding for the project are almost EUR 1 million, and have been provided by the programme of Territorial cooperation in the European southwest area (interreg iv-sudoe). Implementation of Biomasud will be held in different stages which searches for:

analyze the quality and sustainability of the use of solid biomass, particularly pellets and astillasestablecer parameters defining the qualities of of producto.potenciar the development of solid biomass according to the possibilities of each country in particular.aportar sustainability to energy model based on biomass.


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BIOMASS PERU

The experience presented has been developing in our small organic farm of one hectare, Bioagricultura White House, located in the Valley of the Lurín River, Pachacamac, district 35 km south of the city of Lima, Peru. We grow a wide variety of products such as cassava (manioc), potato, sweet potatoes (potato), beans, corn, vegetables, banana, strawberry and various aromatic herbs. We also raise guinea pigs (Guinea) for meat and for the recycling of nutrients for the farm.

More than ten years ago, in 1994, we decided to build a bio-digester, Chinese model that at that date had a population of 600 animals to make better use of manure produced by the Guinea Pigs on a farm. To date, the Guinea pig manure was used primarily as compost, already out of directly or mixed with the stubble or crop waste for compost preparation, payment produced under aerobic conditions.

Currently the population of Guinea Pigs fluctuates between 900 and 1000 units and produces us approximately three metric tonnes of manure per month (36 tons per year). It is from this animal biomass produced in the farm - which adds the plant biomass (crop residues) - which promotes recycling. Through these processes we can not only produce bioabonos, in liquid or solid form, but also biogas.
The process that is performed using the bio-digester is somehow a mirror of what happens in nature when buried for millions of years biomass decomposes in anaerobic conditions produces a substantial reservoir of natural gas or biogas.

The bio-digester Bioagricultura White House holds ten cubic meters. The central Chamber has three holes that are connected: a central hole that only opens once a year, for the initial loading and unloading; a lateral hole connected to a tube that goes near the bottom of the camera and serves to regular food, and finally a third hole connected to a side Chamber where the liquid bioabono or biol comes out.

Load initial or load Fund with which the bio-digester feeds each year is composed of a precompost that, in the case of White House Bioagricultura is prepared based on corn stubble and Guinea pig manure. A ton of this precompost, which has three to four weeks of preparation, and with a temperature of between 50 and 55 ° C, is introduced by the central mouth and mix with 200 litres of rumen or from the stomach of cattle pigswill cattle freshly slaughtered; This material is obtained in a slaughterhouse or slaughterhouse in the area, only once a year and usually free because it is considered discard material. Rumen or basofia contains a high burden of anaerobic microorganisms responsible for the fermentation process and the production of biogas, especially methane.

Then adds water to fill a volume of approximately eight cubic meters, leaving the two cubic meters remaining for the storage of biogas in the upper part of the central Chamber of the bio-digester. Immediately comes to close the centre hole with a heavy lid envelope which even placed stones to avoid be lifted by the pressure of the biogas produced.

Weekly feeds the bio-Digester with a mixture of water, and Guinea pig manure in 1: 3 ratio allows us to have a sufficient volume of gas for the entire week.

Within one year of the initial supply of the bio-digester is done downloading, getting solid bioabono or biosol. In the original download is performed by the centre hole is very cumbersome and complicated. To facilitate the downloading of the biosol we have made a modification to the original design of the bio-digester, which consists of the construction of a side window that gives adjacent to the bio-digester ambience and is tightly closed with a subject with pins galvanized iron lid.

The bio-digester Bioagricultura White House comes running efficiently since it was built 10 years ago and thanks to biogas production we have been able to save significantly the cost of electricity in the House.
Once the bio-digester begins to produce biogas (a five or six days), in the summer this energy can be used as fuel in the kitchen or for lighting directly by gas lamps. If you have an electric generator powered by gasoline, prior amendment of the carburetor, it can make it work with biogas (methane) to produce electricity.
We get steadily liquid bioabono or biol, which is not only an excellent organic fertilizer for our crops, but rather by their content of phytohormones, is a valuable activator of growth and flowering of plants, in particular of fruit trees.

The third product in the bio-digester obtained annually to perform the download when collected solid bioabono or biosol, which is an excellent fertiliser for crops.

Given the growing interest by the bio-digesters, each year, when we download the bio-digester and reload it, we offer courses with the motto "learning by doing', in which participants can learn in a very practical way how a bio-digester is built, how it works and how download and then upload.

Without a doubt one of the central attractions of the farm is observed the bio-digester operation as part of the work of recycling we do using all waste the farm produces.

Plant of forest biomass in Astorga

A group of scientists from the University of León has recently submitted a project for the creation of a research centre to experiment with the gasification of biomass, an innovative system that employs the utilization of heat to produce steam.

This is exactly what will be looking in Astorga, where will seek to leverage these poor gases along with a simple engine and electric power generation through an alternator, the same way that operates a car using different ways of obtaining this biomass.

Envisages a role informational and educational, since this Power plant, a virtually negligible risk level will be open to the public and educational establishments, who may bring in search of information of this energy source, its functioning and forms they can take to obtain energy in this way.

To carry out this project already have some six million euros, amortizarían with the sale of energy to Union Fenosa, and initially earmarked Chopo crops, a timber tree of rapid growth (with cycles from three to five years)

 

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Biomass energy

Renewable energies are very varied, each of them sometimes requires the ingenuity of those who use it, and others simply looking to benefit from what others discarded thinking has no utility, thus having a wide range of energy sources that are dependent on the origin of each material, and one of them is the biomass energy.

This energy source has as its fundamental principle take all kinds of material, whether source organic or inorganic, for obtaining energy being used logically that from waste of different processes.
This energy is extracted from the source directly, by creating block fuels, or indirectly, performing a treatment and a process whereby derive in the synthesis of a fuel or other volatile substance.

One of the most commonly used for biomass Forms is through the harvesting and extraction of maize, which is used to obtain alcohols, although they can also leverage from materials of animal Kingdom, using from the remains to droppings from fat.
Turning to the extraction of corn in their harvest obtained two raw materials, the first used for food, and other biomass waste or by-products that serve as food, Yes, that is which is subjected to a process of saccharification and distillation in stages to obtain different kinds of alcohols, emphasizing the bioethanol.

A major urban problematic is not only in the procurement and distribution of electrical energy, but also what to do with the large amount of waste generated on a daily basis without delve into details of what a family discards regularly, you know they accumulate a vast area of land.
In recent years being a development which is the exploitation of residual biomass energy, which is based exclusively on the extraction of gases produced by the decomposition of organic waste, which generate the so-called biogas, which can be used to produce heat and electricity.
Of course, to take advantage of this requires a major investment in infrastructure, as well as a radical change in the treatment of waste (why not, with a proper separation of waste)

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